- Intrinsic Motivation - rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction
- Extrinsic Motivations - rewards that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves
Management Theory - management/teaching styles relate closely to intrinsic/extrinsic motivators
- Theory X - managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment. Think employees are extrinsically motivated only interested in Maslow's lower needs.
- Theory Y - managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive. Interested in Maslow's higher needs.
Theories of Emotion
- James-Lange Theory - experience of emotion is awareness of physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli
- perception of stimulus - arousal - emotion
- Emotion - we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress. The body changes and our mind recognizes the feeling.
- Cannon-Bard Theory - emotion arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger: physiological responses, subjective experiences of emotion
- perception of stimulus - arousal - emotion
- Schacter's Two Factor Theory
- to experience emotion one must:
- be physically aroused, cognitively label the arousal
- perception of stimulus - arousal+label - emotion
- Polygraph - machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies
- measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion
- perspiration
- cardiovascular
- breathing changes
- Catharsis
- emotional release
- Catharsis Hypothesis - releasing "aggressive" energy, through action or fantasy, relieving aggressive urges
- Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon
- people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
- Adaptation-Level Phenomenon - tendency to form judgments relative to a "neutral" level
- brightness of lights
- volume of sound
- level of income
- defined by our prior experience
- Relative Deprivation - perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
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